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Data system
Data system is a term used to refer to an organized collection of symbols and processes that may be used to operate on such symbols.〔Beynon-Davies P. (2009) Business Information Systems. Palgrave, Basingstoke〕〔Beynon-Davies P. (2010) Significance: exploring the nature of information, systems and technology. Palgrave, Basingstoke〕 Any organised collection of symbols and symbol-manipulating operations can be considered a data system. Hence, human-speech analysed at the level of phonemes can be considered a data system as can the Incan artefact of the khipu and an image stored as pixels. A data system is defined in terms of some data model and bears a resemblance to the idea of a physical symbol system.
Symbols within some data systems may be persistent or not. Hence, the sounds of human speech are non-persistent symbols because they decay rapidly in air. In contrast, pixels stored on some peripheral storage device are persistent symbols.
==Education==
In education, a data system is a computer system that aims to provide educators with student data to help solve educational problems.〔Wayman, J. C. (2005). Involving teachers in data-driven decision making: Using computer data systems to support teacher inquiry and reflection. ''Journal of Education for Students Placed At Risk'', 10, no. 3: 295–308.〕 Examples of data systems include Student Information Systems (SISs), assessment systems, Instructional Management Systems (IMSs), and data-warehousing systems, but distinctions between different types of data systems are blurring as these separate systems begin to serve more of the same functions.〔Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (2007). (''Landscape review: Education data.'' )〕 Data systems that present data to educators in an over-the-counter data format embed labels, supplemental documentation, and help system and make key package/display and content decisions to improve the accuracy of data system users’ data analyses.〔Rankin, J. (2013, March 28). (How data Systems & reports can either fight or propagate the data analysis error epidemic, and how educator leaders can help. ) ''Presentation conducted from Technology Information Center for Administrative Leadership (TICAL) School Leadership Summit.''〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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